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La vaisselle est un élément important de la table. La porcelaine fait partie de l'un d'eux. Mais vous êtes-vous déjà demandé d'où elle vient, pourquoi la porcelaine est une spécialité de Limoges, qui revendique fièrement son héritage français ? Dans cet article, vous apprendrez tout ce que vous devez savoir sur la porcelaine.
Découvert en Chine
Vous le savez probablement déjà : si vous êtes allé au Royaume céleste, vous avez probablement vu beaucoup de porcelaine. Porcelain plates existe depuis l'Antiquité. La porcelaine chinoise fine, délicate et précise, souvent de couleur bleu-blanc, était prisée par toutes les têtes couronnées européennes. Marco Polo, lors de ses voyages au 13e siècle, a été le premier à apporter cette céramique inconnue en Occident.
Le kaolin a été découvert dans la Haute-Vienne française
Vers 1766, dans un village près de Limoges, Madame Darnet (Madame Everman) produisait du lin à partir de cette terre blanche et crémeuse. Son mari, Jean-Baptiste Darnet, reprend l'invention de sa femme et décide de vendre cette pâte. Avec l'aide d'un apothicaire et d'un chimiste de Bordeaux, ils ont mis au point une recette de porcelaine et l'ont vendue à une usine de Sèvres. En 1768, on extrait du kaolin de la carrière de Saint-Yrieux-la-Perche pour approvisionner les usines parisiennes, et en 1771, Turgot crée la première usine de porcelaine en Limousin. Ce fut, en somme, le début de la gloire de Limoges.
La porcelaine de Limoges
La porcelaine est un type de pâte fabriquée à partir de kaolin, de quartz et de pegmatite orthorhombique (pierre). Les pièces sont façonnées avant d'être cuites dans un four à une température de plus de 1 200 degrés Celsius. Le kaolin du Limousin est connu pour sa couleur blanche. La porcelaine est produite en France, principalement sur deux sites : la Manufacture de Sèvres et le Limousin.
Depuis 2017, la porcelaine du Limousin est protégée par une indication géographique protégée (IGP), ce qui signifie que seule la porcelaine produite et décorée dans la région de la Haute-Vienne peut porter le nom "Porcelaine de Limoges". Il s'agit d'une disposition très récente destinée à protéger l'appellation et à lutter contre la fraude et la contrefaçon.
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